Melatonin inhibits arrhythmias induced by increased late sodium currents in ventricular myocytes / 药学学报

Melatonin (Mel) has been shown to have cardioprotective effects, but its action on ion channels is unclear. In this experiment, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Mel on late sodium currents (INa.L) in mouse ventricular myocytes and the anti-arrhythmic effect at the organ level as well as its mechanism. The whole-cell patch clamp technique was applied to record the ionic currents and action potential (AP) in mouse ventricular myocytes while the electrocardiogram (ECG) and monophasic action potential (MAP) were recorded simultaneously in mouse hearts using a multichannel acquisition and analysis system. The results demonstrated that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Mel on transient sodium current (INa.T) and specific INa.L opener 2 nmol·L-1 sea anemone toxins II (ATX II) increased INa.L were 686.615 and 7.37 μmol·L-1, respectively. Mel did not affect L-type calcium current (ICa.L), transient outward current (Ito), and AP. In addition, 16 μmol·L-1 Mel shortened ATX II-prolonged action potential duration (APD), suppressed ATX II-induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs), and significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts. In conclusion, Mel exerted its antiarrhythmic effects principally by blocking INa.L, thus providing a significant theoretical basis for new clinical applications of Mel. Animal welfare and experimental process are in accordance with the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Wuhan University of Science and Technology (2023130).

Exploration and example interpretation of real-world herbal prescription classification based on similarity matching algorithm / 中国中药杂志

In observational studies, herbal prescriptions are usually studied in the form of "similar prescriptions". At present, the classification of prescriptions is mainly based on clinical experience judgment, but there are some problems in manual judgment, such as lack of unified criteria, labor consumption, and difficulty in verification. In the construction of a database of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), our research group tried to classify real-world herbal prescriptions using a similarity matching algorithm. The main steps include 78 target prescriptions are determined in advance; four levels of importance labeling shall be carried out for the drugs of each target prescription; the combination, format conversion, and standardization of drug names of the prescriptions to be identified in the herbal medicine database; calculate the similarity between the prescriptions to be identified and each target prescription one by one; prescription discrimination is performed based on the preset criteria; remove the name of the prescriptions with "large prescriptions cover the small". Through the similarity matching algorithm, 87.49% of the real prescriptions in the herbal medicine database of this study can be identified, which preliminarily proves that this method can complete the classification of herbal prescriptions. However, this method does not consider the influence of herbal dosage on the results, and there is no recognized standard for the weight of drug importance and criteria, so there are some limitations, which need to be further explored and improved in future research.

Chronic Injury of Mice Bone Marrow Multipotent Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells Induced by Ionizing Radiation / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the chronic injury and its possible mechanism of ionizing radiation on multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (MPPs) by determining the related indicators of MPPs in bone marrow of mice post-radiation.@*METHODS@#Sixteen C57BL/6 adult mice were randomly divided into normal control and irradiation groups, 8 mice in each group. The mice in irradiation group were exposed to 6 Gy X-ray. The proportion of bone marrow MPPs, their apoptosis and proliferation 2 months after irradiation were detected by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial activity and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in each MPPs population were detected by Mitotracker Red and DCFDA probes, and the senescent state of MPPs in the bone marrow was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Ionizing radiation could reduce the proportion of MPPs in mouse bone marrow. The proportions and numbers of MPP1, MPP3 and MPP4 in the bone marrow were significantly decreased after whole-body irradiation with 6 Gy X-ray (P<0.05). In addition, radiation significantly reduced the colony-forming capacity of MPPs in bone marrow (P<0.05), the proportions of apoptotic cells in the MPP1 and MPP4 cell populations increased significantly in the bone marrow (P<0.05). The activity of mitochondria was significantly reduced in the bone marrow MPP2, MPP3 and MPP4 cell populations compared with that of the control group (P<0.05). It was also found that the radiation could significantly increase the ROS levels of MPPs in bone marrow, and the content of ROS in the MPP2, MPP3 and MPP4 cell population of the bone marrow was significantly increased(P<0.05). The senescent cells ratios of MPP1, MPP3 and MPP4 cells in the bone marrow after irradiation were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Ionizing radiation can cause chronic MPPs damage in mice, which is closely associated with persistent oxidative stress, cells apoptosis, and cellular senescence.

Etiological analysis and epidemiological significance of plague in Qinghai, 1980-2011 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the pathogenic characteristics and epidemiological significance of human plague related strains in Qinghai Province in recent 30 years, so as to provide scientific basis for on-the-spot disposal and prevention and control measures of plague outbreak in Qinghai Province. Methods　A total of 35 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from 29 typical human plague outbreaks in Qinghai Province from 1980 to 2011 were selected and studied by biochemical fermentation experiments. Virulence factors detection of Fraction 1 antigen (Fra1), virulence antigen (VW), pigmentation (Pgm) and Yersinia pestis Ⅰ (PstⅠ), determinants and genotyping of differential regions (DFRs) were used to study the pathogenic characteristics. At the same time, according to the epidemic situation of human and animal plague in Qinghai Province in recent years, the current situation of plague prevention and control and epidemic characteristics were analyzed. Results　The biotypes of 35 strains of Yersinia pestis were classical, and the biotypes of 29 strains (82.86%) were of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau type, mainly distributed in southern Qinghai and around lake areas, 2 strains (5.71%) belonged to Qilian Mountains type, mainly distributed in Qilian mountains, and 6 genotypes were identified by DFR. Among them, 16 were type 5, 12 were type 8, 2 were type 10, 1 was type 36, 3 were type 30 and 1 was type 1b, the strains of type 5 and 1b were mainly distributed around the lake and the southern foot of Qilian Mountains, while the strains of type 8, 10, 36 and 30 were mainly distributed in the southern part of Qinghai. Conclusions　The pathogen of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai Plateau has complex biochemical types, the epidemic situation among animals is continuous year after year, the situation of prevention and control is serious, the occurrence and prevalence of plague seriously endanger people's health and social development, so it is necessary to do a solid job in the prevention and control of plague to ensure the safety of people's lives.

Studies on newly recognized chronic sialadenitis / 北京大学学报(医学版)

Some kinds of chronic sialadenitis were recognized during the recent years. They have specific pathogenesis, clinical and histopathologic appearances, and require specific treatment. IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is one of the immune-mediated diseases, characterized by tumefactive lesions. The incidence of IgG4-RS obviously increased during the past 30 years. The study on the potential relationship between occupational exposure to chemical substances and the incidence of IgG4-RS showed that subjects with occupational exposure to agents known to cause IgG4-RD had an increased risk for IgG4-RS. Surgical excision of involved SMG could not control the disease progression, which is not recommended for treatment of IgG4-RS. The combination of glucocorticoid and steroid-sparing agents is effective for treating IgG4-RS, and restores salivary gland function. Radioiodine induced sialadenitis (RAIS) is one of the common complications of postoperative adjuvant treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer by 131I. The incidence of the disease is related to radiation dosage. Clinically, the patients suffered from swelling and tenderness in the buccal or submandibular regions, especially during the mealtime. Imaging appearances are similar to those of chronic obstructive sialadenitis. Conservative managements, such as gland massage, sialagogues, are the mainstream methods in the treatment of RAIS. Sialendoscopy is feasible for RAIS, but not as effective as conventional obstructive sialadenitis (COS). Therefore the prevention of RAIS is crucial. Eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES) is a new type of chronic inflammatory disease of the salivary gland related to allergy. It has characteristics of swelling of multiple major salivary glands, strip-like gelatinous plugs discharged from the duct orifice of the gland, elevated level of serum IgE and eosinophils in peripheral blood, infiltration of eosinophils and IgE positive plasma cells in the tissues, allergic history, increased expression of allergy-related cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin, which suggest allergic reactions as a potential pathogenesis of the disease. The clinical, laboratory, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of ES are significantly different from conventional obstructive sialadenitis (COS). Therefore, it is suitable to separate ES from COS. Conservative managements, such as self-maintenance therapy and anti- allergic modality are the choices of treatment for ES. Based on the results of our comprehensive studies a new classification of chronic sialadenitis is suggested.

Dynamic changes of locus coeruleus damage in Parkinson's disease-like mice induced by paraquat / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To observe the dynamic changes of brainstem locus coeruleus (LC) damage in Parkinson' s disease (PD) -like mice by paraquat (PQ) . Methods: In October 2019, 36 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the exposure group and the control group, with 18 mice in each group. The mice in the exposure group were given intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg/kg PQ, and the mice in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% saline, twice a week for 8 weeks. Neurobehavioral changes (pole climbing test, swimming test, open field test, tail hanging test, high plus maze test and water maze test) were observed at 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks, respectively, and the changes of motor ability, emotion and cognitive function were evaluated. The brain tissue of mice were taken and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) to observe the pathological changes of LC. Nissl staining was used to detect the changes of neuronal Nissl bodies in LC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was used to detect the expression of neuron nuclear antigen (NeuN) , dopamine (DA) neurons and norepinephrine (NE) neuron markers tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) , α-synuclein (α-syn) in substantia nigra (SN) and LC. The expression levels of NeuN, TH and α-syn in the midbrain and brainstem were detected by Western blotting. TUNEL staining was used to detect neuronal apoptosis in LC. Results: Compared with the 4th week of PQ exposure group, the time of pole climbing and swimming immobility were gradually increased, the ratio of open arm residence time of high plus maze test and the number of times of the platform and the residence time of platform quadrant in water maze test were gradually decreased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. The results of HE and Nissl staining showed that the neurons in LC gradually arranged loosely, the nucleus were deeply stained, the cytoplasm was pyknosis, and the number of Nissl bodies gradually decreased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. IHC results showed that the number of NeuN and TH positive cells in SN and LC of mice were gradually decreased, and the positive expression of α-syn was gradually increased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of NeuN and TH in the midbrain and brainstem were gradually decreased, and the expression level of α-syn was gradually increased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. TUNEL staining showed that the apoptosis rates of neurons in LC were gradually increased (P<0.05) in the exposure group with the progress of exposure time. Conclusion: PQ induces progressive damage in the LC area of PD-like mice, which may be caused by the abnormal accumulation of pathological α-syn in the LC area.

Preliminary study on time-dependent changes of intestinal tract and brain-gut axis in mice model of Parkinson's disease induced by paraquat / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To observe the intestinal time-dependent changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model constructed by intraperitoneal injection of paraquat (PQ) and to establish the brain-gut axis connection initially. Methods: In October 2019, 48 mice were randomly divided into treated group and control groups: treated 4-week (P-4) group, treated 6-week (P-6) group, treated 8-week (P-8) group, control 4-week (C-4) group, control 6-week (C-6) group, and control 8-week (C-8) group. The treated group was injected with 15 mg/kg PQ solution and the control group was injected with 0.9% saline (0.2 ml/20 g) by intraperitoneal injection twice a week. After the initial state (0 weeks) and the treatment at the end of 4, 6 and 8 weeks, the mood changes and motor functions of mice were assessed by neurobehavioral tests (open field test, pole climbing test, tail suspension test and elevated plus maze test) . And the number of fecal pellets for 1 h and water content were calculated to assess the functional status of the gastrointestinal tract. Western blotting experiments were performed to detect the expression levels of α-synuclein (α-syn) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the nigrostriatal region of the mouse brain, the tight junction markers zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin, the inflammatory markers of integrin αM subunit (CD11b) , inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) , high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) , interleukin-1β (IL-1β) , and the neuronal markers βⅢ-tubulin and α-syn protein in the colon.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression levels of colonic tight junction proteins ZO-1 and Occludin. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect the expression levels of TH in the substantia nigra region of the midbrain, and the co-localization of colonic intestine neuronal marker (βⅢ-tubulin) and Ser129 α-syn in the colonic. Results: Compared with the initial state (0 weeks) and C-8 group, mice in the P-8 group had significantly higher pole climbing test scores and resting time, and significantly lower total active distance, mean active speed, percentage of open arm entry and 1 h fecal instances (P<0.05) . After poisoning, the 1 h fecal water content of model mice first increased and then decreased, the P-4 and P-6 groups were significantly higher than the simultaneous point control group, and the P-8 groups were significantly lower than the initial state (P<0.05) . Compared with control, P-4 and P-6 groups, the expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin in the P-8 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Compared with control group, the expression levels of CD11b and IL-1β in the P-4 group were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Compared with control and P-4 group, the expression levels of CD11b, iNOS, HMGB1 and IL-1β in the P-6 and P-8 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05) . Compared with the control and P-4 groups, the expression levels of βⅢ-tubulin in the colon of mice in the P-8 group were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of α-syn and Ser129 α-syn were significantly increased (P<0.05) . The expression level of Ser129 α-syn in the colon of model mice was negatively correlated with the expression level of βⅢ-tubulin (r(s)=-0.9149, 95%CI: -0.9771--0.7085, P<0.001) . Ser129 α-syn and βⅢ-tubulin co-localization in the colonic intermuscular plexus region increased gradually with the time of exposure. Compared with the control, P-4 and P-6 groups, the expression level of TH in the nigrostriatal region of the brain was significantly decreased, and the expression levels of α-syn and Ser129 α-syn were significantly increased in the P-8 group (P<0.05) . Correlation analysis showed that the relative expression level of Ser129 α-syn in the nigrostriatal region of the brain was negatively correlated with the expression level of TH in the model mice (r(s)=-0.9716, 95% CI: -0.9925--0.8953, P<0.001) . Conclusion: The PD mouse model is successfully established by PQ, and the intestinal function of the model mice is reduced in a time-dependent manner. And on this basis, it is preliminary determined that the abnormal aggregation of α-syn may be an important substance connecting the brain-gut axis.

Research Progress on Molecular Markers Related to Unexplained Sudden Cardiac Death and Its Forensic Application / 法医学杂志

Routine pathological examination of unexplained sudden cardiac death (USCD) lacks significant morphological characteristics. In the field of forensic medicine, molecular biology methods have been used to find the cause of death by detecting genes and research related to the mechanism of sudden cardiac death has been carried out. From the molecular pathology point of view, the application of multiple levels of biomarkers to resolve the causes of USCD has already shown potential and provides an important path for forensic identification of USCD. This article reviews the latest research progress on USCD-related genes, RNA, proteins and USCD, and summarizes forensic application.

Effects of different irradiators on the establishment of osteoradionecrosis model of rat mandible / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To compare the effects of different irradiators on the establishment of osteoradionecrosis of jaw model (ORNJ) to explore an ideal modeling method.@*METHODS@#A total of 33 adult SD rats were included and randomly divided into three groups according to the radiation equipment, namely, the blank control (CN, 3 rats), group A (linear accelerator irradiation, 15 rats), and group B (small-animal irradiator irradiation, 15 rats). Groups A and B were irradiated with daily fractions of 7, 8, and 9 Gy for 5 days and further divided into three subgroups as follows: group A@*RESULTS@#At 3 weeks after dental extractions, complete gingival healing was found in the regions of dental extractions in groups A@*CONCLUSIONS@#Small-animal irradiator irradiation is an ideal device for establishing ORNJ model.

Clinical Characteristics and Bone Marrow Histopathology Features in Essential Thrombocythaemia Patients with Different Gene Mutation in China / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics, laboratorial and bone marrow pathological features of primary thrombocytopenia (ET) patients with different mutations of CALR, JAK2 and MPL genes.@*METHODS@#The chinical data of 120 cases of ET in Jiangsu provincial people's hospital/ The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to December 2017 were collected and analyzed, including 76 cases with JAK2 gene mutation, 40 cases with CALR gene mutation, 2 cases with MPL gene mutations, 2 cases without gene mutation.@*RESULTS@#Among the ET patients, compared with the JAK2 gene mutation, CALR gene mutation showed statistically significant deareament of white blood cells and hemoglobin (P=0.001, P=0.01) and the male platelets in CALR group showed significant increament (P=0.04). Fourthermore, the average number of megakaryocytes and its cluster numbers in each hight power field of vision showed statistically significant decreament in CALR group as compared with JAK2 group (P=0.001, P=0.001), and thrombotic events in CALR group were signicantly lower than those in JAK2 group (7.5% vs 18.4%) (P=0.03).@*CONCLUSION@#Mutations of CALR, JAK2 have different clinical characteristics and blood pathological changes of Chinese ET patients, and their clinical significance is worth to explore.

Analysis of Driver-Passenger Relationship and Restoration of Accident Process Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technology / 法医学杂志

Objective To discuss the application of 3D laser scanner and computer technology in restoration of the accident scene and reconstruction of the accident process, as well as identification of the driver-passenger relationship. Methods The scene of a traffic accident, the accident vehicle and the vehicle of the same type as accident vehicle were scanned using 3D laser scanner. The accident scene, traces and accident vehicle were integrated using computer technology to restore the accident scene, and the accident process was reconstructed and analyzed by combining the characteristics of the body injuries. Results By restoring the accident scene and reconstructing the accident process with 3D laser scanner, it was determined that Wu was in the driving seat at the time of the accident. Conclusion It is more objective and scientific to use 3D laser scanning technology to restore the accident scene, reconstruct the accident process and analyze the moving track of the driver and passengers in the vehicle. It will help to improve the accuracy of forensic identification of road traffic accidents.

Prevalence of depression and its determinants among centenarians in Hainan / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of depression and to analyze its determinants among centenarians in Hainan.Methods:A cross-sectional study on centenarians was conducted in Hainan from June 2014 to December 2016.A total of 910 centenarians, including 166 males and 744 females, were interviewed in their domiciles by trained investigators.A 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS-15)was used to assess depression for centenarians, and general sociodemographic details, sleep quality, cognitive function, activities of daily living, and lifestyles were recorded.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine major related factors for depression in centenarians.Results:Of the 910 centenarians, 292 were regarded as depressed and the prevalence was 32.1%.Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in gender, education, marital status, self-reported health, incontinence, dietary habits, sleep quality, activities of daily living, cognitive function, outdoor activities, watching TV, and social engagement between subjects with and without depression( P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that living conditions, self-reported health, activities of daily living, and sleep quality were independent related factors for depression in centenarians( P<0.05). Among the above related factors, living with families( OR=0.50, P=0.026)and good sleep quality( OR=0.67, P=0.010)were protective factors for depression, whereas poor self-reported health( OR=3.34, P<0.001)and disability( OR=2.37, P=0.002)were risk factors for depression in centenarians. Conclusions:Living conditions, self-reported health, activities of daily living, and sleep quality were independently correlated with depression in Hainan centenarians.This study provides empirical evidence for depression interventions and mental health improvement in centenarians.

Interventional therapy for fallopian tube obstructive infertility / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

Fallopian tube obstruction accounts for30%-50% of female infertility.In patients with com-plete or partial obstruction of the fallopian tube diag-nosed by hysterosalpinography(HSG),after performedby selective salpingography(SSG)and fallopian tuberecanalization(FTR)can not only eliminate the falsepositive results in most of the examinations,but alsodredge the fallopian tube and improve the patency ofthe fallopian tube.This is an important method to treatfallopian tube obstructive infertility.fallopian tube obstructioninfertilityin-

Clinical analysis of 100 adult patients with pure red cell aplasia / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment response of 100 patients with pure red cell aplasia(PRCA).METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 100 adult patients with acquired PRCA from October2009 to July 2019, and compared the difference in efficacy between idiopathic and secondary patients.RESULTS: 100 patients were evaluated, including 60 idiopathic patients and 40 secondary patients.The most common reasons for secondary PRCA were large granular lymphocytic leukemia(LGLL)(28 cases,70.0%)and thymoma(6 cases, 15.0%). The remission induced regimens included corticosteroids(CS), cyclosporine A(CsA), or other agents, and the response rate were 66.7%,71.4% and 50%, respectively(P=0.336). Secondary PRCA was less effective than idiopathic PRCA(52.5%,78.3%,P=0.007). PRCA related to large granular lymphocytic leukemia was also less effective compared to idiopathic PRCA(46.4%,79.3%,P=0.003). When treated by CsA, idiopathic PRCA was more effective than secondary PRCA and LGLL related PRCA(P=0.001, P=0.000). Logistic regression analysis showed that lower response rate was related to secondary PRCA and LGLL related PRCA.CONCLUSION: The response rate were similar by different induced regimens. Idiopathic PRCA could acquired better response to CsA than secondary, LGLL related PRCA was less effective to treatment.

Eltrombopag for the treatment of refractory acquired pure red cell aplasia / 中国实用内科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of eltrombopag in the treatment of refractory acquired pure red cell aplasia(PRCA). METHODS: Three patients with refractory acquired PRCA treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province Hospital from March 2018 to May 2019 were treated with eltrombopag(75 mg/d). The clinical data were collected for evaluating efficacy and tolerance. RESULTS: The erythrocyte count(P=0.039), hemoglobin concentration(P=0.018) and reticulocyte percentage(P=0.046) in 3 patients were significantly higher than those before treatment. The platelet count was higher than that before treatment(P=0.024). The leukocyte count and absolute neutrophil count increased in 2 patients, and decreased in 1 patient, but still remained in the normal range(P=0.924; P =0.565). Total bilirubin(TBIL) and direct bilirubin(DBIL) increased in 1 case; alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and serum creatinine(Scr) increased in 1 case; palpitation occurred in 1 case. All the side effects were alleviated after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION: Eltrombopag has certain efficacy and good tolerance in the treatment of refractory acquired PRCA, which is worthy of further exploration.

A study of health status in Hainan centenarians / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To evaluate the health status of Hainan centenarians and compare the gender disparity,and to determine whether the‘ male-female health-survival paradox’is present among them.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on the health status and gender disparity of individuals aged 100 and over in Hainan province from June 2014 to December 2016.Data of sociodemographics,lifestyles as well as health-related parameters were collected.The multi dimensional health assessment of centenarians was conducted based on the recognition of standard on Chinese healthy elderly in 2013.Results A total of 940 centenarians(men 18.6％,women 81.4％)were included.The prevalences of hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia were 66.1％,9.8％,and 21.2％,respectively,while no significant gender difference was found.Male centenarians were more independent in activity of daily living than did female centenarians(41.1％ vs.25.9 ％,P ＜0.001).The prevalences of dementia(7.7％ vs.4.0％)and depression(33.6％ vs.18.9％)were more dominant in females than in males.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the proportions of functional disability,depression and sleep disorders were higher in female centenarians than in male centenarians (P＜0.05)after adjusting for general demographic characteristics,lifestyle and other health indicators.Conclusions Although the female proportion dominates the centenarian population,female general health states are worse than male centenarians.More attentions on physical and mental health should be paid to the female centenarians.

Case-control study on single locking plate and locking plate with suture anchors for the treatment of unstable distal clavicle fractures / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare therapeutic effects of single locking plates and locking plates with suture anchors in treating type Neer IIb distal clavicle fractures.@*METHODS@#From January 2013 to January 2015, 40 distal clavicle fractures patients with Neer IIb were treated by retrospectively analyzed and divided into single locking plates (control group) and locking plates with suture anchors(observation group) according to methods of operation. There were 20 patients in control group treated by single locking plates, including 16 males and 4 females aged from 26 to 64 years old with an average of(40.60±12.64) years old; while there were 20 patients in observation group treated by locking plates with suture anchors, including 15 males and 5 females aged from 20 to 57 years old with an average of(37.30±10.56) years old. Length of incisions, operation time, blood loss, hospital stays, fracture healing observed by X-ray, position of internal fixation, and changes of coracoclavicular distance were compared, Constant-Murley score was used to evaluate shoulder joint function.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up from 22 to 42 months with an average of (30.08±6.72) months. There was no statistical significance in length of incisions, operation time, blood loss, hospital stays and fracture healing time (>0.05). Constant-Murley score in control group was 83.10±5.81, and lower than that of observation group (92.30±6.05)(<0.05) at final following-up. Coracoclavicular distance in control group (11.22±3.85) mm, was longer than that of observation group (8.71±2.14) mm(<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with locking plates, locking plates with suture anchors for type Neer IIb distal clavicle fractures has better shoulder joint, shorter coracoclavicular distance. It showed coracoclavicular ligament is an effectiveness method for treating Neer IIb distal clavicle fractures.

Analysis of chronic kidney disease staging with different estimated glomerular filtration rate equations in Chinese centenarians / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Accurate estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and staging of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are important. Currently, there is no research on the differences in several estimated GFR equations for staging CKD in a large sample of centenarians. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the differences in CKD staging with the most commonly used equations and to analyze sources of discrepancy.@*METHODS@#A total of 966 centenarians were enrolled in this study from June 2014 to December 2016 in Hainan province, China. The GFR with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) and Berlin Initiative Study 1 (BIS1) equations were estimated. Agreement between these equations was investigated with the κ statistic and Bland-Altman plots. Sources of discrepancy were investigated by partial correlation analysis.@*RESULTS@#The κ values of the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, MDRD and BIS1 equations, and CKD-EPI and BIS1 equations were 0.610, 0.253, and 0.381, respectively. Serum creatinine (Scr) explained 10.96%, 41.60% and 17.06% of the variability in these three comparisons, respectively. Serum uric acid (SUA) explained 3.65% and 5.43% of the variability in the first 2 comparisons, respectively. Gender was associated with significant differences in these 3 comparisons (P < 0.001).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The strengths of agreement between the MDRD and CKD-EPI equations were substantial, but those between the MDRD and BIS1 equations and the CKD-EPI and BIS1 equations were fair. The difference in CKD staging of the first 2 comparisons strongly depended on Scr, SUA and gender, and that of CKD-EPI and BIS1 equations strongly depended on Scr and gender. The incidence at various stages of CKD staging was quite different. Thus, a new equation that is more suitable for the elderly needs to be built in the future.

Genetic Identification of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Spargana in Liaoning and Hubei Provinces, PR China

Spargana were collected from human and frogs in Liaoning and Hubei Provinces, China. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of A cox1 fragment was PCR-amplified from genomic DNA extracted from 7 specimens (5 from humans and 2 from frogs). The cox1 fragment (390 bp) showed 97–100% similarity to the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei and 88–89% to the reference sequence of S. decipiens. There were 1–12 bases different between these worms, but no obvious genetic variation (0–3.3%) to the references. There was little difference of cox1 gene between sparganum samples of humans and frogs (1–3%). This study is the first report on S. erinaceieuropaei spargana from humans in Liaoning and Hubei Provinces.

Expression of Cx43 and Cx45 in Cardiomyocytes of an Overworked Rat Model / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of overwork stress response on the expression of connexin 43（Cx43） and connexin 45（Cx45） in cardiomyocytes and on cardiac function. Methods The experimental animals were divided into control group, overworked 1-month group and overworked 2-month group. A overworked rat model was established by forcing swimming of overworked group. The expressions of Cx43 and Cx45 in myocardial tissues of experimental animals were detected by Western blotting, while the corresponding myocardial tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Masson's staining, then histologically observed. Results Western blotting results showed that, compared with the control group, Cx43 expression in myocardial tissues of overworked rats decreased while Cx45 expression increased. HE staining and Masson's staining results showed that hypertrophy, rupture and interstitial fiber tissue hyperplasia were observed in myocardial fibers of overworked rats. Conclusion Overwork stress response may affect cardiac function as an independent factor and may even cause heart failure or arrhythmias and lead to death.